Archive for November, 2007

Arrondissements of the Haute-Corse department; an increase in

Tuesday, November 27th, 2007

The 3 arrondissements of the Haute-Corse department are:

  1. Arrondissement of Bastia, (prefecture of the Haute-Corse department: Bastia) with 16 cantons and 94 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 85,717 in 1990, and was 92,640 in 1999, an increase of 8.08%.
  2. Arrondissement of Corte, (subprefecture: Corte) with 10 cantons and 109 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 29,728 in 1990, and was 31,088 in 1999, an increase of 4.57%.
  3. Arrondissement of Calvi, (subprefecture: Calvi) with 4 cantons and 33 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 16,118 in 1990, and was 17,875 in 1999, an increase of 10.9%.

Roy’s identity; utility

Tuesday, November 27th, 2007

Roy’s identity (named for French economist Rene Roy) is a major result in microeconomics having applications in consumer choice and the theory of the firm. The lemma relates the ordinary demand function to the derivatives of the indirect utility function.


Derivation of Roy’s identity

Roy’s identity reformulates Shephard’s lemma in order to get a Marshallian demand function for an individual and a good (<math>i</math>) from some indirect utility function.

The first step is to consider the trivial identity obtained by substituting the expenditure function for wealth or income (<math>m</math>)in the indirect utility function (<math>\psi\ (m, p)</math>, at a utility of <math>u</math>):

<math>\psi\ ( e(p, u), p) = u </math>

This says that the indirect utility function evaluated in such a way that minimizes the cost for achieving a certain utility given a set of prices (a vector <math>p</math>) is equal to that utility when evaluated at those prices.

Taking the partial derivative of both sides of this equation with respect to the price of a single good <math>p_i</math> (with the utility level held constant) gives:

<math>\frac{ \partial \psi\ [e(u,p),p]}{\partial m} \frac{\partial e(u,p)}{\partial p_i} + \frac{\partial \psi\ [e(u,p),p]}{\partial p_i} = 0</math>.

Rearranging gives the desired result:

<math>\frac{\partial e(u,p)}{\partial p_i}=-\frac{\frac{\partial \psi\ [e(u,p),p]}{\partial p_i}}{\frac{\partial \psi\ [e(u,p),p]}{\partial m}}=x_i(m,p)</math>


Application

This gives a method of deriving the Marshallian demand function of a good for some consumer from the indirect utility function of that consumer. It is also fundamental in deriving the Slutsky equation.


References

  • Roy, René (1947). “La Distribution du Revenu Entre Les Divers Biens,” Econometrica, 15, 205-225.

Host Signal Processing; computing the

Tuesday, November 27th, 2007

Host Signal Processing (HSP) is a term used in computing to describe hardware such as a modem which is emulated (to various degrees) in software.

Term sheet; terms

Tuesday, November 27th, 2007

A term sheet is a bullet-point document outlining the material terms and conditions of a business agreement. After a Term Sheet has been “executed”, it guides legal counsel in the preparation of a proposed “final agreement”. It then guides, but is not necessarily binding, as the signatories negotiate, usually with legal counsel, the final terms of their agreement.

Term sheets are very similar to “letters of intent” (LOI) in that they are both preliminary, mostly non-binding documents meant to record two or more parties’ intentions to enter into a future agreement based on specified (but incomplete or preliminary) terms. The difference between the two is slight and mostly a matter of style: an LOI is typically written in letter form and focuses on the parties intentions; a term sheet skips most of the formalities and lists deal terms in bullet point or similar format. There is an implication that an LOI only refers to the final form. A term sheet may be a proposal, not an agreed-to document.


See also

  • Letter of intent
  • Memorandum of understanding


External links

  • Definition from Investopedia
  • Example term sheet from Center for Professional Development OHSU/OGI
  • Model Term Sheet from National Venture Capital Association (NVCA)
  • Brad Feld’s Term Sheet Series – An explanation of common venture capital term sheet terms.
  • Term Sheet Hacks – An entrepreneur’s guide to hacking venture capital term sheets.

Customer satisfaction; not. Expectation

Tuesday, November 27th, 2007

Customer satisfaction, a business term, is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. It is seen as a key performance indicator within business and is part of the four perspectives of a Balanced Scorecard.

In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete for customers, customer satisfaction is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has become a key element of business strategy.<ref>The Future of Business: The Essentials By Lawrence J. Gitman, Carl D McDaniel ISBN 0324320280</ref>


Measuring customer satisfaction

Organizations are increasingly interested in retaining existing customers while targeting non-customers;<ref>Fundamentals of Customer-Focused Management: Competing Through Service By Joby John
</ref> measuring customer satisfaction provides an indication of how successful the organization is at providing products and/or services to the marketplace.

Customer satisfaction is an ambiguous and abstract concept and the actual manifestation of the state of satisfaction will vary from person to person and product/service to product/service. The state of satisfaction depends on a number of both psychological and physical variables which correlate with satisfaction behaviors such as return and recommend rate. The level of satisfaction can also vary depending on other options the customer may have and other products against which the customer can compare the organization’s products.

Because satisfaction is basically a psychological state, care should be taken in the effort of quantitative measurement, although a large quantity of research in this area has recently been developed. Work done by Berry, Brodeur between 1990 and 1998<ref> Marketing Services: Competing Through Quality
by Leonard L Berry, A Parasuraman</ref> defined ten ‘Quality Values’ which influence satisfaction behavior, further expanded by Berry in 2002 and known as the ten domains of satisfaction. These ten domains of satisfaction include: Quality, Value, Timeliness, Efficiency, Ease of Access, Environment, Inter-departmental Teamwork, Front line Service Behaviors, Commitment to the Customer and Innovation. These factors are emphasized for continuous improvement and organizational change measurement and are most often utilized to develop the architecture for satisfaction measurement as an integrated model. Work done by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry between 1985 and 1988 provides the basis for the measurement of customer satisfaction with a service by using the gap between the customer’s expectation of performance and their perceived experience of performance. This provides the measurer with a satisfaction “gap” which is objective and quantitative in nature. Work done by Cronin and Taylor propose the “confirmation/disconfirmation” theory of combining the “gap” described by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry as two different measures (perception and expectation of performance) into a single measurement of performance according to expectation. According to Garbrand, customer satisfaction equals perception of performance divided by expectation of performance.

The usual measures of customer satisfaction involve a survey <ref>Customer Satisfaction Toolkit for Iso 9001: 2000 By Sheila Kessler ISBN 0873895592</ref> with a set of statements using a Likert Technique or scale. The customer is asked to evaluate each statement and in term of their perception and expectation of the performance of the organisation being measured.


See also

  • American Customer Satisfaction Index
  • Net Promoter Score
  • Loyalty business model
  • Customer relationship management


References

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Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons; A qualification

Tuesday, November 27th, 2007

MRCS is a professional qualification for surgeons in the UK and Ireland

It means Member of the Royal College of Surgeons.

There are 4 surgical colleges in the UK & Ireland:

  • The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
  • The Royal College of Surgeons of England
  • The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
  • The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland

Each college used to hold examinations independently, but latterly to a common syllabus. However, in January 2004, the four colleges switched over to a common examination, known as the Intercollegiate MRCS.

The separate qualifications used to be Fellowships (F.R.C.S.), but a new set of higher fellowships in specialised fields such as orthopaedics, urology, etc, has been set up to be taken at the end of Higher Surgical Training: this is now the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons.

The new M.R.C.S. is originally decided to be taken at the end of Basic Surgical Training. However in recent years interns are allowed to take certain parts of the examination.

This qualification should not be confused with the old M.R.C.S. which was paired with the L.R.C.P. to form the Conjoint diploma, a now defunct initial qualification in medicine.

Although this and many other Royal College membership and fellowship examinations appear to be designed for medical practice in Britain and Ireland, most of the successful (and even more of the unsuccessful) candidates are graduates from the Third World studying or working in the UK and Ireland, mostly with a view to returning abroad.

In response to this demand the colleges have begun to hold some of their examinations abroad. This has been accompanied by the liberal award of fellowships without examination to senior clinicians and health ministry officials in the countries hosting these lucrative examinations.


See also

  • Fellowship in Dental Surgery FDSRCS England


External links

Royal College of Surgeons of England

Disk Utility; utility

Tuesday, November 27th, 2007

Disk Utility is the name of a utility created by Apple for performing disk-related tasks in Mac OS X. These tasks include:

  • the creation, conversion, compression and encryption of disk images from a wide range of formats read by Disk Utility to .dmg or .cdr, which is identical to the .iso format;
  • mounting, unmounting, and ejecting disks (including both hard disks, removable media and disk images);
  • enabling or disabling journaling;
  • verifying a disk’s integrity, and repairing it if the disk is damaged;
  • verifying and repairing permissions;
  • disk erasing, formatting and partitioning;
  • secure deletion of free space or disk using a 30-pass Gutmann algorithm
  • adding or changing partition table between Apple Partition Table and GUID Partition Table;
  • creating, destroying, and repairing RAID sets;
  • restoring volumes from scanned for ASR images;
  • burning disk images to CD or DVD in HFS+ format;
  • erasing CD-RWs and DVD-RWs;
  • checking the S.M.A.R.T status of a hard disk.

Disk Utility functions may also be accessed from the Mac OS X command line with the diskutil and hdiutil commands.

Disk Utility was updated with Mac OS X v10.3. Prior to v10.3, the functionality of Disk Utility was spread across two applications: Disk Copy and Disk Utility. Disk Copy was used for creating and mounting disk image files, and Disk Utility was used for formatting, partitioning, verifying and repairing file structures. The ability to “zero” all data on a disk was not added until Mac OS X 10.2.3<ref>http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=107263</ref>

Further changes introduced in 10.4.3 allowed Disk Utility to be used to verify the file structure of the current boot drive. However as Apple notes in their public knowledge base <ref>http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=302672</ref> doing so can sometimes yield false error messages.

In versions of the Mac OS prior to Mac OS X, similar functionality to the verification features of Disk Utility could be found in the Disk First Aid application. Another application called Drive Setup was used for drive formatting and partitioning, and the application Disk Copy was used for working with disk images.


References

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Double Prices; prices

Tuesday, November 27th, 2007

Double Prices is a pricing game on the American television game show The Price Is Right. It is played for a four-digit prize worth more than $2,000; it has also been played for a car on nighttime specials, and occasionally on the daytime show.

Having debuted on the show’s first episode on September 4, 1972, Double Prices is one of Price’s original five pricing games. Double Prices was the last game to be won during Bob Barker’s tenure as host.


Gameplay

The contestant is shown a prize and two possible prices. Selecting the correct one wins the prize.

The game is the antithesis of another pricing game, 1 Right Price, in which there are two prizes for one price.


History and behind the scenes

Early in the 1970s syndicated TPIR, contestants played for two prizes, one at a time, with two possible prices for each prize. A contestant could win either or both prizes they successfully priced. This format is generally referred to by fans as “double Double Prices.”

According to TPIR producer Roger Dobkowitz, Double Prices has been played more often than any other pricing game (but by a slim margin). Its brief play usually makes up for time spent on games with more complicated rules.

Double Prices has the most inconsistent staging of any pricing game. It was originally played at center stage, behind the Giant Price Tag. Starting in the late ’70s, it would occasionally be played behind Door #3. Sometime during the ’90s, it began to be staged almost exclusively at Door #2; this held true until May or June of 2003, when the game began to occasionally use its original staging again. On one occasion, the prize was behind one of the Big Doors, and the game podium was positioned on center stage. Double Prices and 1 Right Price shared their first three sets before each eventually received its own props.


See also

  • The Price Is Right
  • List of The Price Is Right pricing games

VoiceOver; utility

Tuesday, November 27th, 2007


Description

VoiceOver is a feature built into Apple Computer’s Mac OS X v10.4 “Tiger” operating system, as well as the latest presentation build of Mac OS X v10.5 “Leopard”; the latter version represents a significant step forward from the 10.4 VoiceOver speech synthesiser. By using VoiceOver, the user can access his or her Macintosh by using speech and the keyboard. The feature is designed to increase accessibility for those with impaired vision.


From Apple’s website

VoiceOver reads aloud the contents of files including web pages, Mail messages and word processing files, provides a comprehensive audible description of your workspace and includes a rich set of keyboard commands that allow you to navigate the Mac OS X interface and interact with application and system controls.


External links

  • Apple’s VoiceOver website
  • VoiceOver manual

Minister for Family and Consumer Affairs of Denmark; the consumer

Monday, November 26th, 2007

Minister for Family and Consumer Affairs of Denmark (Danish: Minister for Familie- og Forbrugeranliggender) is a new political office in the Danish government created in August 2004 and works primarily for families and with consumption-related topics. The main purpose of the ministry is to protect the interests of families in a wide sense. The minister is the head of the new Ministry for Family and Consumer Affairs.

The ministry mainly covers consumer protection, children, family and youth related areas, custody of children, adoption, marriage, divorce and food safety (including nutrition and pest control). The ministry is organized into a department of 60 employees, 3 sub-departments and a research institution. The ministry employs a total of 3,000 people.

December 13, 2006 Danish People’s Party announced, that they no longer had faith in Lars Barfoed. Barfoed subsequently announced his resignation on national TV, effective the following day. He was succeeded by Carina Christensen, appointed on December 15, 2006.


List of minister for Family and Consumer Affairs of Denmark

# Name Took Office Left Office Party
1 Henriette Kjær August 2, 2004 February 18, 2005 Conservative People’s Party
2 Lars Barfoed February 18, 2005 December 14, 2006 Conservative People’s Party
3 Carina Christensen December 15, 2006 Incumbent Conservative People’s Party

Utility player; utility

Monday, November 26th, 2007

In sport, a utility player is one who can play several positions competently, a sort of jack of all trades. Sports in which the term is often used include soccer, baseball and softball.

Notable utility players in baseball, capable of playing in most baseball positions include Bert Campaneris, José Oquendo, César Tovar, Cookie Rojas, Honus Wagner and Rex Hudler (who played only as a position player, not a pitcher), who played every position on the field during their respective careers; Tony Phillips, the first player to start 10 games at five different positions in the same season; and Mike Brumley, Chone Figgins, Ryan Freel, Denny Hocking, José Macías, Joe McEwing, Mark McLemore, Pablo Ozuna, Desi Relaford, B.J. Upton, Omar Infante, and Luis Salazar.

In softball, a utility player is a player who can play several positions but can also bat well. Coaches often look for such players to bat as clean-up or 5th in the lineup.

In cricket, the term all rounder is used.

Scissors Crisis; prices

Monday, November 26th, 2007

The Scissors Crisis is the name for an incident in early Soviet history during the New Economic Policy (NEP), when there was a widening gap between industrial and agricultural prices.

Like the blades of a pair of scissors, the prices of industrial and agricultural goods diverged, reaching a peak in October 1923 where industrial prices were 276 percent of their 1913 levels, while agricultural prices were only 89 percent (the name was coined by Trotsky after the scissors-shaped price/time graph). This meant that peasants’ incomes fell, and it became difficult for them to buy manufactured goods. As a result, peasants began to stop selling their produce and revert to subsistence farming, leading to fears of a famine.

Contents


Causes

The crisis happened because agricultural production had rebounded quickly from the famine of 1921-1922 and the civil war. In contrast, the industry took longer to recover, due to the need to rebuild infrastructure. Furthermore, the problem was exacerbated by the government seeking to avoid another famine by keeping the bread grain prices at artificially low levels.

The widening gap in prices also showcased the inelastic nature of trading with the peasants. For example, a peasant did not need to buy a lantern from the state, as they could simply make candles themselves. Whilst on the other hand, peasants were unlikely to respond, according to classic economics, to lower prices by selling more grain to buy more goods; instead farmers would rather either eat more or work less, as they did not require these goods.<ref> Chris Ward, Stalin’s Russia (Oxford, 1999) p. 73.</ref> It is worth noting that due to the NEP being implemented in 1921, it had rapid success, and by 1923 (the year of the Scissor Crisis), factory output had a huge increase of 200%, along with cereal output rising by 23%. Due to the success in the countryside, food prices fell, whereas industrial prices remained constant, and therefore the Smychka (union with peasants) was jeopardised.


Actions

To combat the crisis, the government reduced costs of industrial production by cutting staffs, rationalizing production, controlling wages and benefits and reducing the influence of traders and middlemen (NEPmen) by expanding the network of consumer cooperatives (such as the People’s Commissariat of Trade).

As a result of these actions, the imbalance started to decrease. By April 1924, the agricultural price index had reach 92 (compared to its 1913 level) and the industrial index had fallen to 131.

The scissors crisis caused many problems in the long term for the NEP - causing tensions seen pre-1917 revolution.


References

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External links

  • Smychka and the Scissors Crisis at Seventeen Moments in Soviet History

Smudge stick; bundle

Monday, November 26th, 2007

A smudge stick is a bundle of dried herbs, most commonly white sage. Often other herbs or plants are used or added and the leaves are usually bound with string in a small bundle and dried. Some other herbs and spices that are often used include cilantro, cedar, lavender, and mugwort. They have a strong pleasant aroma when burnt. Smudge sticks can be purchased at a variety of places, including Whole Foods Market.

Smudge stick ceremonies are quite significant at aphelion (when the earth is furthest from the sun), perihelion (when the earth is closest to the sun), equinoxes, and solstices.

Ojibway and Cree ceremonies often use smudges of sage, sweet grass, and/or juniper to cleanse with, and to give prayers to the Creator, or Gitche Manitou. Smudges with hot coals underneath can provide a lot of smoke for many hours or days to repel mosquitos and other insects.


See also

  • Midewiwin


External links

  • About Smudging and Smudge Sticks

Section Eight of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; not. Expectation

Monday, November 26th, 2007

Section Eight of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides everyone in Canada with protection against unreasonable search and seizure. This Charter right provides Canadians with their primary source of constitutionally enforced privacy rights against unreasonable intrusion from the state. Typically, this protects personal information that can be obtained through searching someone in pat-down, entering someone’s property or surveillance.

Under the heading of legal rights, section 8 states:

Any property found or seized by means of a violation of section 8 can be excluded as evidence in a trial under section 24(2).

Contents


Reasonable expectation of privacy

Generally speaking, the reasonable expectation of privacy does not protect against normal searches or seizures. Rather, the right focuses on the action being unreasonable on the basis that it violates an individual’s reasonable expectation of privacy.


Search

Not every form of examination constitutes search. A search within the meaning of section eight is determined by whether the investigatory technique used by the state diminishes a person’s reasonable expectation of privacy. The focus of analysis is upon the purpose of the examination. A police officer who compells someone to produce their licence would not be invasive enough to constitute a search (R. v. Ladouceur, [1990]<ref>R. v. Ladouceur, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 1257.</ref>). Equally, an inspection of the inside of a car is not a search, but questions about the contents of a bag would be. (R. v. Mellenthin [1992]<ref>R. v. Mellenthin, [1992] 3 S.C.R. 615.</ref>)


Seizure

The meaning of seizure is fairly straight forward. In R. v. Dyment (1988),<ref>R. v. Dyment, [1988] 2 S.C.R. 417.</ref> the Court defined it simply as the “taking of a thing from a person by a public authority without that person’s consent.” This meaning has been narrowed to cover property taken in furtherance of administration or criminal investigation (Quebec (Attorney General) v. Laroche, [2002]<ref>Quebec (Attorney General) v. Laroche, [2002] 3 S.C.R. 708</ref>).


See also

  • Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution : equivalent US constitutional right


References

<references/>


External links

  • Canlii section 8 digest
  • Search and Seizure Overview
  • Fundamental Freedoms: The Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Charter of Rights website with video, audio and the Charter in over 20 languages

Stretcher Case Baby; identical to pleasure

Monday, November 26th, 2007

Stretcher Case Baby was a limited edition single by The Damned.

Only 5,000 copies were distributed, none via record shops, so whether it can be regarded as a true single is up for debate. Copies were initially given away at the band’s London Marquee 1st Anniversary concerts, but when these were cut short further copies were given to fan club members, and 250 were given as crossword prizes with the New Musical Express. The new tracks were cut with American producer Shel Talmy, marking the band’s first real steps away from the traditional punk ethos. They would be re-recorded for the band’s second album, Music for Pleasure.

A CD version was issued in the Stiff Singles 1976-1977 box set by Castle Music in 2003.


Track listing

  1. “Stretcher Case” (Scabies, James) - 2:16
  2. “Sick of Being Sick” (James) - 1:59


Production credits

  • Producers:

    • Shel Talmy
  • Musicians:

    • Dave Vanian: Vocals
    • Brian James: Guitar
    • Captain Sensible: Bass
    • Rat Scabies: Drums

PNM Resources; utility

Monday, November 26th, 2007

PNM Resources is an energy holding company based in the U.S. state of New Mexico. Headquartered in Albuquerque, PNM Resources supplies electricity to 725,000 homes and businesses in New Mexico and Texas and natural gas to 471,000 customers in New Mexico through its utility and energy service subsidiaries, including:

  • PNM, a service utility providing electricity and natural gas in New Mexico;
  • Texas-New Mexico Power (TNMP), an electricity utility in New Mexico and electric transmission and distribution company in Texas;
  • First Choice Power, a deregulated competitive retail electric provider in Texas; and
  • Avistar, an energy research and development company.

Both TNMP and First Choice were recently acquired by the parent company. Many of First Choice’s customers are serviced through the TNMP network. Customers in southern New Mexico may receive gas from the utility PNM while receiving power from TNMP (a division which will continue until 2007). PNM Resources and its subsidiaries also sell power on the wholesale market in the western United States.

The corporation has consolidated operating revenues of $2.3 billion. As of 2004, it was the only Fortune 1000 company in the sparsely-populated state.

Goskomtsen; in prices

Monday, November 26th, 2007

Goskomtsen () was the State Committee on Prices in the former Soviet Union. This governmental body regulated all prices, from agricultural to consumer goods and established prices for all imports and some exports.

Utility infielder; utility

Sunday, November 25th, 2007

A utility infielder is a baseball player, usually someone who does not have a regular starting role on the team, who is capable of playing more than one of the four defensive infield positions: second base, third base, shortstop, and less typically first base. Utility infielders are generally considered excellent defensive players who do not hit well enough to remain in the starting lineup, but can fill in at multiple defensive positions to give the various starters a rest, or replace a starter late in a game to provide improved defense when the team is winning.

Utility infielders include Miguel Cairo of the New York Yankees and Chris Gomez of the Cleveland Indians.

Utility bicycle; utility

Sunday, November 25th, 2007

A utility bicycle (aka city bicycle or a beater) is one which is designed for a practical purpose, as opposed to “sport bicycles” which are designed for recreation and competition, such as touring bicycles, racing bicycles and mountain bicycles.

Utility bicycles are used for short-distance commuting, for running errands, shopping and sometimes promotion. They have been used for courier service in wars and to get around such large workplaces as large factories, warehouses, airports and movie studio lots. Utility bicycles often feature a step-through frame so they can be easily mounted, hub gears and drum brakes to reduce the need for maintenance, mudguards to keep the rider’s clothing clean, a chain guard to prevent skirts or loose trousers from being caught in the chain, a skirt guard to prevent a long skirt catching in the rear brakes, a kickstand so it can be parked anywhere, and a basket or pannier rack to carry personal possessions or shopping bags. Utility bicycles typically are heavier than “sport bicycles”, parts such as rims/wheels are chosen for strength and durability and low cost rather than high performance. The handlebars are almost always curved back, and higher than the saddle so that the rider can ride in an upright riding position. Some people add a child seat or a trailer.

These parts and features mean a good utility bike is functional, durable, comfortable and versatile. These virtues come at the expense of high weight.

The utility bicycle is the most widely used form of bicycle in many parts of the world, but in many industrialized nations motor vehicles have replaced bicycles for personal transport in the 20th century and the reduced availability of utility bicycles in some countries has led people to adopt sport bicycles for tasks for which utility bicycles are better suited. A few countries, notably the Netherlands and Denmark, are exceptions to this rule. In addition, the Deutsche Post uses utility bikes in most German cities for delivering mail.


See also

  • Bicycle messenger
  • Roadster (bicycle)

Disk Utility; utility

Sunday, November 25th, 2007

Disk Utility is the name of a utility created by Apple for performing disk-related tasks in Mac OS X. These tasks include:

  • the creation, conversion, compression and encryption of disk images from a wide range of formats read by Disk Utility to .dmg or .cdr, which is identical to the .iso format;
  • mounting, unmounting, and ejecting disks (including both hard disks, removable media and disk images);
  • enabling or disabling journaling;
  • verifying a disk’s integrity, and repairing it if the disk is damaged;
  • verifying and repairing permissions;
  • disk erasing, formatting and partitioning;
  • secure deletion of free space or disk using a 30-pass Gutmann algorithm
  • adding or changing partition table between Apple Partition Table and GUID Partition Table;
  • creating, destroying, and repairing RAID sets;
  • restoring volumes from scanned for ASR images;
  • burning disk images to CD or DVD in HFS+ format;
  • erasing CD-RWs and DVD-RWs;
  • checking the S.M.A.R.T status of a hard disk.

Disk Utility functions may also be accessed from the Mac OS X command line with the diskutil and hdiutil commands.

Disk Utility was updated with Mac OS X v10.3. Prior to v10.3, the functionality of Disk Utility was spread across two applications: Disk Copy and Disk Utility. Disk Copy was used for creating and mounting disk image files, and Disk Utility was used for formatting, partitioning, verifying and repairing file structures. The ability to “zero” all data on a disk was not added until Mac OS X 10.2.3<ref>http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=107263</ref>

Further changes introduced in 10.4.3 allowed Disk Utility to be used to verify the file structure of the current boot drive. However as Apple notes in their public knowledge base <ref>http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=302672</ref> doing so can sometimes yield false error messages.

In versions of the Mac OS prior to Mac OS X, similar functionality to the verification features of Disk Utility could be found in the Disk First Aid application. Another application called Drive Setup was used for drive formatting and partitioning, and the application Disk Copy was used for working with disk images.


References

<references />

Fibre Channel Utility; utility

Sunday, November 25th, 2007

Fibre Channel Utility is a Mac OS X Server utility for managing Fibre Channels connected to the server. The program will not run without a Fiber Card installed in the server. This server tool is only installed in Mac OS X Server.

  • Flash Utility Convert word to html can convert a lot of Word doc files to html files once time for saving your time!
  • Springfield Utility Board - Home Springfield Utility Board (SUB) is a public, municipal electric and water utility, independently operated, serving the city of Springfield, Oregon.
  • Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission An advocate of neither the public nor the utilities, the IURC is required by state statute to make decisions that balance the interests of all parties to
  • Utility Metals Utility Metals, a division of Fabricated Metals LLC, is a leading manufacturer of outdoor lighting products. We offer an extensive line of products for all
  • ws utility This type defines the fault code value for Timestamp message expiration. This type defines the fault code values for context-related faults.
  • utility - NetLingo The Internet Dictionary: Online Dictionary of utility. a.k.a. utility program. A program that helps maintain and improve the efficiency of a computer system. It is also a program that utilizes a system
  • About iPod Reset Utility Use iPod Reset Utility to restore the following iPod models back to their factory settings when iTunes is unable to do so. The process completely erases all
  • Apple Mouse Utility The utility is a must for 1-button Apple mouse users under Windows.
  • UTILITY (1) In economics, utility means the real or fancied ability of a good or service to satisfy a human want. An associated term is WELFARE FUNCTION (synonym:

Lifeline utility; utilities

Sunday, November 25th, 2007

In New Zealand, a lifeline utility is a service defined under one of the Schedules of the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002.

The duties of lifeline utilities are defined in Section 60 of the Act. In short, a lifeline utility is legally required to function ‘to the fullest possible extent’ (even at a diminished level) during and after an emergency, participate in emergency management planning, and provide free-of-charge technical assistance to the Director of Civil Defence Emergency Management.

Lifeline utilities under Schedule 1 include Radio NZ, TVNZ, airport companies and authorities, port companies and authorities, gas utilities, water utilities, power utilities, telecommunications networks, roading authorities, petroleum companies, rail network operators, and rail service operators.